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Terapia Fotodinâmica em Pequenas Lesões: Estudo Piloto

Ruy Carvalho Mattosinho de Castro Ferraz1    Clóvis Grecco1    Cristina Kurachi2   Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato3

Resumo                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma modalidade terapêuticasendo que uma das principais aplicações é para o tratamento local decâncer. A TFD baseia-se na interação do fotossensibilizador (FS) comfonte de luz adequada na presença de oxigênio molecular, gerandoespécies reativas de oxigênio, especialmente o oxigênio singlete, capazesde induzir a morte das células tumorais por necrose ou apoptose.Este método apresenta várias vantagens em comparação aos métodostradicionais de tratamento (quimioterapia, radioterapia e cirurgia) umavez que apresenta dano seletivo as células tumorais e menos efeitoscolaterais. O sucesso da terapia fotodinâmica, no tratamento de câncerdepende de vários fatores sendo que um dos principais é a corretadosimetria. A resposta fotodinâmica é dependente da quantidade defotossensibilizador no tumor, iluminação adequada, concentração deoxigênio no tecido e sua geometria. A fotomodificação das moléculasdo agente fotossensível durante o tratamento varia em função dascondições de iluminação, como taxa de fluência, dose total fracionadaou contínua, comprimento de onda de excitação, e das condições doambiente como pH, temperatura e concentração de oxigênio. A TFDé altamente indicada para os casos de câncer de pele não-melanomapor ser de fácil acesso para entrega de luz e possibilidade de aplicaçãode FS tópicos. Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma breve revisão daliteratura mundial referente às publicações recentes em TFD aplicadoà pequenas lesões e a descrição de um caso clínico realizado pelonosso próprio grupo de pesquisa associado a um hospital referêncianacional em tratamento e diagnóstico em oncologia. Através dos bonsresultados pelo grupo de pesquisa e pela literatura mundial, é possívelrelatar que a TFD é fortemente indicada no tratamento de pequenaslesões (diâmetro de até 20 mm) de carcinomas não-melanoma,principalmente, carcinomas basocelulares superficiais.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Descritores: Terapia Fotodinâmica (TFD), Câncer de pele, Pequenaslesões                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Abstract                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic technique mainlyused for the local treatment of cancer. This technique is based on theinteraction of a photosensitizer (PS) under irradiation of an adequatelight source and in presence of molecular oxygen, resulting in theproduction of reactive oxygen species, especially the singlet oxygenthat may induce tumor cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Themethod has several advantages over traditional methods of treatment(chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery) since it promotes selectivedamage to tumor cells with less side effects. The success of photodynamictherapy in cancer treatment depends on several factorsand one of them is the correct dosimetry. The photodynamic responseis dependent on the amount of PS in tumor, adequate irradiation,oxygen concentration in tissue. The photomodification of PS duringtreatment changes with irradiation conditions, such as fluence rate,total dose delivery mode (fractionated or single dose), excitationwavelength and environmental conditions such as pH, temperatureand oxygen concentration. PDT is highly recommended for nonmelanoma skin cancer cases due to direct access for light deliveryand topical PS application. In this paper we show a brief literaturereview on TFD for small lesions and also, a clinical case reportperformed by our research group. The clinical results and theliterature show that PDT is a good treatment option for small lesionstreatment (diameter < 20 mm) of non-melanoma carcinomas, mainlysuperficial basal cell carcinomas.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Descriptors: Photodynamic Therapy, Skin cancer, Small lesions

 



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